英語詞匯解析 詞典
為什么「辭典」叫 "dictionary"? 何以兩件事「相互矛盾、抵觸」的情況稱為 " contradiction"? 為什么「告別」是 " valediction"?
人是有情感會思辨的動物;每天我們都試圖透過「言語」(speech)來「說出」(speak out)自己的感覺與思想。英語中用于表示「談話」或「言語」的字匯里多半含有" dict"、 " log" 或 " loqu" 的字根,因囿于篇幅,本文先談構(gòu)詞數(shù)量較多的"dict"。 " dict" 這個拉丁字根的原意是 " speak;say"(言、說),但一個人說話的效果與成敗完全在于他/她的「措辭與說法」(diction -- choice of words),而辭典便是措辭、語法的「集大成」(-ary),故稱為 dictionary。此外,別人在聽了我們的措辭、說法之后,可能會提出「完全不同或?qū)α⒌摹?contra)說法,這時就形成了 " contradiction"(反駁,對立,矛盾,抵觸)。如果兩人到了無話可說的地步,那就要勇敢地互道「再見」(vale=farewell),該是「告別」(valediction=say goodbye)的時候了。
明白了 dict 這個拉丁字根的來由,我們便可輕易領(lǐng)會下列詞匯的語意:
1. diction﹝ ﹞n. (dict = to speak = way of speaking)措辭;用字;語法
2. dictation﹝ ﹞n. [dict = to speak(loudly to be recorded by another or to give orders)] 口述;聽寫;命令
3. dictator ﹝ ﹞n. 口述者;命令者;獨裁者
4. dictatorial﹝ ﹞adj. 獨裁的;獨斷自大的
5. contradict ﹝ ﹞v.(contra + dict = against + say = say against )反駁;抗辯;矛盾;抵觸
6. contradiction﹝ ﹞n.(反駁;矛盾;抵觸)
7. contradictory﹝ ﹞adj.;n. 相反的;矛盾的;矛盾對立
8. predict﹝ ﹞v.( pre + dict = before + say = say before)預(yù)言;預(yù)報
9. prediction ﹝ ﹞n. 預(yù)言;預(yù)報
10. valediction ﹝ ﹞n.(vale + dict = farewell + say = say goodbye)告別;告別辭
接下來我們且看上列辭匯如何在生活中「訴說」它們的故事:
1. The effectiveness of your speech depends on your diction.
你的演說效果在于你的用字是否得當(dāng)。
2. I wrote the letter at my boss' dictation.
我照我老板的口述寫了這封信。
3. I dislike his dictatorial manner.
我不喜歡他那幅專橫的態(tài)度。
4. The two theories contradicted each other.
這兩個理論相互矛盾。
5. They gave contradictory explanations.
他們作了互相矛盾的解釋。
6. The fortune-teller predicted me a long life.
那算命者預(yù)言我會長壽。
7. She made several accurate predictions.
她做過幾次準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)言。
8. He gave a touching valediction at graduation.
他在畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表了動人的告別辭。
作者:大學(xué)生新聞網(wǎng) 來源:大學(xué)生新聞網(wǎng)
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